
import sys
sys.path

['C:\\Users\\Olga\\Documents\\Python Scripts\\MyNotebooks\\Materials2023',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\python39.zip',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\DLLs',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3',
 '',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\locket-0.2.1-py3.9.egg',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\win32',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\win32\\lib',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\Pythonwin',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\IPython\\extensions',
 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\.ipython']


type(sys.modules), len(sys.modules)

(dict, 902)


import math


type(math), type(math).__bases__

(module, (object,))


import decimal, fractions


decimal.Decimal(1/3), fractions.Fraction(1,3)

(Decimal('0.333333333333333314829616256247390992939472198486328125'),
 Fraction(1, 3))


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


?plt


from matplotlib.pyplot import plot as PLOT, figure as FIGURE


FIGURE()
PLOT(range(5))

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1a13c5ff9a0>]


math.e, math.exp(1)

(2.718281828459045, 2.718281828459045)


import module1, module2
module1.x, module2.x

('module1', 'module2')


print(dir(module1))

['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'x']


module1.__dict__

{'__name__': 'module1',
 '__doc__': None,
 '__package__': '',
 '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader at 0x1a13ccdd850>,
 '__spec__': ModuleSpec(name='module1', loader=<_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x000001A13CCDD850>, origin='C:\\Users\\Olga\\Documents\\Python Scripts\\MyNotebooks\\Materials2023\\module1.py'),
 '__file__': 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\Documents\\Python Scripts\\MyNotebooks\\Materials2023\\module1.py',
 '__cached__': 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\Documents\\Python Scripts\\MyNotebooks\\Materials2023\\__pycache__\\module1.cpython-39.pyc',
 '__builtins__': {'__name__': 'builtins',
  '__doc__': "Built-in functions, exceptions, and other objects.\n\nNoteworthy: None is the `nil' object; Ellipsis represents `...' in slices.",
  '__package__': '',
  '__loader__': _frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter,
  '__spec__': ModuleSpec(name='builtins', loader=<class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, origin='built-in'),
  '__build_class__': <function __build_class__>,
  '__import__': <function __import__>,
  'abs': <function abs(x, /)>,
  'all': <function all(iterable, /)>,
  'any': <function any(iterable, /)>,
  'ascii': <function ascii(obj, /)>,
  'bin': <function bin(number, /)>,
  'breakpoint': <function breakpoint>,
  'callable': <function callable(obj, /)>,
  'chr': <function chr(i, /)>,
  'compile': <function compile(source, filename, mode, flags=0, dont_inherit=False, optimize=-1, *, _feature_version=-1)>,
  'delattr': <function delattr(obj, name, /)>,
  'dir': <function dir>,
  'divmod': <function divmod(x, y, /)>,
  'eval': <function eval(source, globals=None, locals=None, /)>,
  'exec': <function exec(source, globals=None, locals=None, /)>,
  'format': <function format(value, format_spec='', /)>,
  'getattr': <function getattr>,
  'globals': <function globals()>,
  'hasattr': <function hasattr(obj, name, /)>,
  'hash': <function hash(obj, /)>,
  'hex': <function hex(number, /)>,
  'id': <function id(obj, /)>,
  'input': <bound method Kernel.raw_input of <ipykernel.ipkernel.IPythonKernel object at 0x000001A13A23D0D0>>,
  'isinstance': <function isinstance(obj, class_or_tuple, /)>,
  'issubclass': <function issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple, /)>,
  'iter': <function iter>,
  'len': <function len(obj, /)>,
  'locals': <function locals()>,
  'max': <function max>,
  'min': <function min>,
  'next': <function next>,
  'oct': <function oct(number, /)>,
  'ord': <function ord(c, /)>,
  'pow': <function pow(base, exp, mod=None)>,
  'print': <function print>,
  'repr': <function repr(obj, /)>,
  'round': <function round(number, ndigits=None)>,
  'setattr': <function setattr(obj, name, value, /)>,
  'sorted': <function sorted(iterable, /, *, key=None, reverse=False)>,
  'sum': <function sum(iterable, /, start=0)>,
  'vars': <function vars>,
  'None': None,
  'Ellipsis': Ellipsis,
  'NotImplemented': NotImplemented,
  'False': False,
  'True': True,
  'bool': bool,
  'memoryview': memoryview,
  'bytearray': bytearray,
  'bytes': bytes,
  'classmethod': classmethod,
  'complex': complex,
  'dict': dict,
  'enumerate': enumerate,
  'filter': filter,
  'float': float,
  'frozenset': frozenset,
  'property': property,
  'int': int,
  'list': list,
  'map': map,
  'object': object,
  'range': range,
  'reversed': reversed,
  'set': set,
  'slice': slice,
  'staticmethod': staticmethod,
  'str': str,
  'super': super,
  'tuple': tuple,
  'type': type,
  'zip': zip,
  '__debug__': True,
  'BaseException': BaseException,
  'Exception': Exception,
  'TypeError': TypeError,
  'StopAsyncIteration': StopAsyncIteration,
  'StopIteration': StopIteration,
  'GeneratorExit': GeneratorExit,
  'SystemExit': SystemExit,
  'KeyboardInterrupt': KeyboardInterrupt,
  'ImportError': ImportError,
  'ModuleNotFoundError': ModuleNotFoundError,
  'OSError': OSError,
  'EnvironmentError': OSError,
  'IOError': OSError,
  'WindowsError': OSError,
  'EOFError': EOFError,
  'RuntimeError': RuntimeError,
  'RecursionError': RecursionError,
  'NotImplementedError': NotImplementedError,
  'NameError': NameError,
  'UnboundLocalError': UnboundLocalError,
  'AttributeError': AttributeError,
  'SyntaxError': SyntaxError,
  'IndentationError': IndentationError,
  'TabError': TabError,
  'LookupError': LookupError,
  'IndexError': IndexError,
  'KeyError': KeyError,
  'ValueError': ValueError,
  'UnicodeError': UnicodeError,
  'UnicodeEncodeError': UnicodeEncodeError,
  'UnicodeDecodeError': UnicodeDecodeError,
  'UnicodeTranslateError': UnicodeTranslateError,
  'AssertionError': AssertionError,
  'ArithmeticError': ArithmeticError,
  'FloatingPointError': FloatingPointError,
  'OverflowError': OverflowError,
  'ZeroDivisionError': ZeroDivisionError,
  'SystemError': SystemError,
  'ReferenceError': ReferenceError,
  'MemoryError': MemoryError,
  'BufferError': BufferError,
  'Warning': Warning,
  'UserWarning': UserWarning,
  'DeprecationWarning': DeprecationWarning,
  'PendingDeprecationWarning': PendingDeprecationWarning,
  'SyntaxWarning': SyntaxWarning,
  'RuntimeWarning': RuntimeWarning,
  'FutureWarning': FutureWarning,
  'ImportWarning': ImportWarning,
  'UnicodeWarning': UnicodeWarning,
  'BytesWarning': BytesWarning,
  'ResourceWarning': ResourceWarning,
  'ConnectionError': ConnectionError,
  'BlockingIOError': BlockingIOError,
  'BrokenPipeError': BrokenPipeError,
  'ChildProcessError': ChildProcessError,
  'ConnectionAbortedError': ConnectionAbortedError,
  'ConnectionRefusedError': ConnectionRefusedError,
  'ConnectionResetError': ConnectionResetError,
  'FileExistsError': FileExistsError,
  'FileNotFoundError': FileNotFoundError,
  'IsADirectoryError': IsADirectoryError,
  'NotADirectoryError': NotADirectoryError,
  'InterruptedError': InterruptedError,
  'PermissionError': PermissionError,
  'ProcessLookupError': ProcessLookupError,
  'TimeoutError': TimeoutError,
  'open': <function io.open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)>,
  'copyright': Copyright (c) 2001-2021 Python Software Foundation.
  All Rights Reserved.
  
  Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
  All Rights Reserved.
  
  Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
  All Rights Reserved.
  
  Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam.
  All Rights Reserved.,
  'credits':     Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
      for supporting Python development.  See www.python.org for more information.,
  'license': See https://www.python.org/psf/license/,
  'help': Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object.,
  'execfile': <function _pydev_imps._pydev_execfile.execfile(file, glob=None, loc=None)>,
  'runfile': <function _pydev_bundle.pydev_umd.runfile(filename, args=None, wdir=None, namespace=None)>,
  '__IPYTHON__': True,
  'display': <function IPython.core.display.display(*objs, include=None, exclude=None, metadata=None, transient=None, display_id=None, **kwargs)>,
  'get_ipython': <bound method InteractiveShell.get_ipython of <ipykernel.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell object at 0x000001A13A23DDF0>>},
 'x': 'module1'}


plt.__name__, math.__name__

('matplotlib.pyplot', 'math')


def func(): pass

# код самотестирования
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("Test code")

Test code


import importlib
?importlib.reload


module1.x

'module1'


print(module1.x)        # модуль не перезагружен
importlib.reload(module1)
print(module1.x)        # модуль перезагружен

module1
module1New


print(id(math))
importlib.reload(math); id(math)

1791906956928

1791906956928


import scipy.constants as const
from scipy import constants as const1
const, const1

(<module 'scipy.constants' from 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\constants\\__init__.py'>,
 <module 'scipy.constants' from 'C:\\Users\\Olga\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\constants\\__init__.py'>)

Компьютерная математика II¶

Тема 7. Модуль в Python¶

7.1 Понятие модуля, пакета, расширения¶

7.2 Модульная структура программы¶

7.3 Импортирование модуля¶

7.4 Доступ к переменным импортированного модуля¶

7.5 Перезагрузка модуля¶

7.6 Пакет¶

7.7 Стандартная библиотека Python¶